KNEE JOINT

Arthritis

Knee arthritis is a common condition that affects the cartilage in the knee joint. The cartilage is what protects your bones from rubbing against each other. 

Knee arthritis usually starts with some wear and tear of the cartilage, which can lead to pain and stiffness in the joint. The condition can be caused by injury or overuse, and it may also be genetic.

There are a number of symptoms that are associated with knee arthritis, including:

– Pain when you walk or climb stairs

– Stiffness when you wake up

– Difficulty getting up from sitting or lying down

– Crepitus (a grating sensation) in the knee joint

The quality of life for people with knee arthritis can be very low because they often have to modify their daily activities to accommodate their symptoms. However, several treatment options are now available to overcome problems from arthritis.

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Ligament tears and injuries

Knee ligament injury tear is a common injury in sports. It is usually caused by a sudden twisting motion, or by a direct blow to the knee.

The knee joint consists of three major ligaments: the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), and the medial collateral ligament (MCL). The ACL and PCL are situated inside the knee joint, while the MCL is outside.

The ACL is one of the four main ligaments in the knee, and it connects the thigh bone (femur) to the shinbone (tibia). It helps keep your knee stable and prevents your shinbone from sliding too far forward. When you suffer a knee ligament injury tear, it often means that your ACL has been ruptured or torn.

The best way to prevent a knee ligament injury tear is by strengthening your quad muscles, which will help stabilize your leg when you’re on uneven ground or running. However, once the ligaments are damaged, expert help is required to regain function and restore normal activities.

A complete tear of the ACL can lead to instability, pain, and difficulty moving or bearing weight on the affected leg. The goal of surgery is to repair or reconstruct any damaged ligaments in order to restore stability and function to your knee joint. This procedure typically includes using a tendon graft from another part of your body, such as your hamstring or patellar or quadriceps tendon, which will be fixed in place of the damaged or torn ligament. The dual-fellowship training and several years of experience in treating normal individuals and elite athletes allows Dr Darshan Angadi provide custom treatment options for your situation and injury.

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Cartilage damage

Knee cartilage damage is a common injury that can happen to anyone. The knee joint is made up of three bones: the femur, tibia and patella. The patella sits on the end of the femur and provides stability to the knee as well as a protective cushion for the front of the joint. Cartilage covers both ends of these bones and acts like a shock absorber during movement. 

The two main types of cartilage in your knee are articular cartilage and meniscal cartilage. Articular cartilage covers both surfaces of your femur, tibia and patella while meniscal cartilage helps stabilize your knee by providing a cushion between your femur.

Knee cartilage damage can lead to pain, swelling and difficulty in walking. The most common treatment is arthroscopic surgery.

The procedure starts with the surgeon making a small incision on the knee to insert an arthroscope, a thin tube with a camera on one end. The surgeon then uses this camera to look for any signs of damage or wear on the cartilage and make any necessary repairs.

The patient needs to follow a strict rehabilitation program after surgery which includes exercises and medication for pain relief. This will help them get back their range of motion and strength as quickly as possible.

The other option is to have the damaged cartilage removed and replaced with artificial cartilage or a plastic implant. However, repairing rather than replacing, has better long-term outcomes in most cases. This is because it can increase mobility and reduce pain in some people who have arthritis or other conditions that cause knee pain. You can contact Dr Darshan Angadi for expert advice and help in managing your knee cartilage damage.

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Meniscus tears

The meniscus is a crescent-shaped piece of cartilage that provides cushioning between the thighbone and shinbone. It also provides stability for the knee joint. The meniscus can be torn or damaged during sports activities, such as soccer, basketball, and football.

The pain associated with a knee meniscus tear can be acute or chronic. Acute pain may be felt during and after physical activity, while chronic pain may be felt all of the time or just at night.
A meniscus tear can lead to pain in the knee joint and difficulty in walking. If it is left untreated, it can lead to arthritis of the knee joint. There are various ways to treat a meniscus tear. These include medicines (e.g., anti-inflammatories), rest, physical therapy, and surgery (e.g., arthroscopic surgery). To know which treatment option is best suited for your condition specialist advice is necessary.

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Tendinitis

Tendons connect muscle groups to bones. When tendons become inflamed, they cause pain. Tendinitis occurs when inflammation develops in a tendon. Tendinitis may occur at any age, but is often seen in people who have had repetitive motions over time.

The causes of knee tendinitis vary depending on the type of injury. In some cases, the cause is unknown. Other times, the cause is related to sports injuries. Commonly, the cause of knee tendinitis is due to overuse of muscles. Overuse of muscles can lead to microtears in the tendon. These tears allow fluid to leak out of the tendon and create swelling. Swelling makes the tendon stiffer and less flexible. Repeated use of the injured area can make the tendon even weaker. Eventually, the tendon becomes damaged and inflamed.

Symptoms of knee tendinitis include pain, stiffness, tenderness, and swelling. Pain is felt along the front of the knee. Stiffness means that the joint feels tight and sore. Tenderness refers to feeling discomfort when pressure is applied to the affected area. Swelling is caused by fluid leaking out of the tendon.

Treatment options for knee tendinitis depend on what is causing the problem. If the cause is known, then treatment options may include rest, ice packs, stretching exercises, physical therapy, and anti-inflammatory medication. However, in some cases if the above treatment does not offer good pain relief, Dr Darshan Angadi offers precise image-guided injection therapies including cortisone, platelet rich plasma (PRP) or mesenchymal stem cell therapy depending on your tendinitis condition.

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Knee cap conditions

The kneecap or patella is the bone at the front of your knee that helps to form a joint with the thighbone (femur). It is held in place by ligaments and muscles. It is shaped like a triangle and it slides up and down on a groove in the femur to help your knee bend.

The kneecap can become dislocated from its groove on the femur bone, or it can be damaged by sports injuries or cartilage damage. A kneecap dislocation occurs when your knee cap becomes detached from its normal position on the end of your thighbone. This can happen when you overstretch your ligaments, usually during an injury. The best way to treat this injury is to rest and ice your knee. However, there can be some underlying conditions that may predispose you to recurrent knee cap injuries and pain. If you have pain that persists for more than a few days, then you should consult an expert. The fellowship training and specialist skills of Dr Darshan Angadi will help you overcome knee cap injuries on a long-term basis.

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Knee fractures and dislocation

The knee joint is made up of the femur, tibia, and patella. The femur is the thigh bone and attaches to the hipbone at the pelvis. The tibia attaches to the femur at one end and articulates with the patella at its other end.

The patella or kneecap helps to form a smooth surface for your shinbone (tibia) to move over when you bend your knee, which in turn helps keep your bones from rubbing together.

Knee dislocation is one of the most serious sports injuries, and can lead to a number of long-term problems. The knee is made up of many ligaments and cartilages, which are vulnerable to injury. The most common injury occurs when the knee is twisted inwards or outwards, which may cause the ligaments on the outside or inside of the knee to stretch or tear. A dislocated knee can happen from a direct blow to the front, back or side of your leg. A sudden change in direction during sports can also cause this type of injury.

A tibia fracture is a relatively common injury that is seen in sports with a high risk of direct impact, like rugby, football, and hockey. It’s also more likely to occur if you have weak bone density, but that doesn’t mean you need to stop playing sports—just take precautions when you do. A tibia fracture can be hard to diagnose, which is why it’s important to get it checked out by a doctor if you think you have one. Other signs of a tibia fracture include pain when trying to walk or stand, a grinding sensation or popping sound in the leg, and hearing or feeling a snapping or cracking in the leg. Other signs of a tibia fracture include pain when trying to walk or stand, a grinding sensation or popping sound in the leg, and hearing or feeling a snapping or cracking in the leg. You may also notice that the tibia (shin) area of your leg looks misshapen or out of place.

As knee fractures and dislocations are severe injuries prompt medical attention is essential to get the correct treatment and prevent further complications.

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Painful or loose knee replacement

Knee replacement procedure resurfaces the worn-out cartilage of the knee joint. However, these are artificial implants and are prone for wear and loosening. If this happens then the patient experiences painful clicking or locking of the joint and sometimes instability or weakness of the joint. 

Occasionally infection a knee replacement can also complicate matters and result in painful swollen knee after joint replacement surgery. Although rare in new implants, the new joint replacement may not be securely fixed to the bones, or it may wear off over time, causing pain and other severe symptoms like difficulty in walking, climbing stairs and disturbed sleep due to chronic pain
In order to accurately diagnose these complex problems expert surgeons like Dr Darshan Angadi use the latest technology and methods to treat the patients successfully including scans and revision joint reconstruction procedures.

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